Martinez TracyDysarthria is a speech disorder that develops as a result of organic damage to the areas of the brain that are the speech-motor analyzer, as well as due to lesions of nerve endings responsible for innervation of the articulating muscles. People without the appropriate education is difficult to understand what dysarthria is, because it is not a single disease with severe symptoms, and a series of disorders. Moreover, for each age group of children have their own characteristics of this speech disorder.
A distinctive symptom of dysarthria is that the problem is not with the pronunciation of certain sounds, and affects all of the pronunciation of speech. This is observed limitation of mobility not only verbal but also mimic muscles. The child’s speech is not fluid, it is indistinct and blurred, and its rate can be accelerated or slowed down. Voice also suffers, which can be harsh, or vice versa, silent, deaf and weak.
The severity and severity of this condition depends largely on the nature of the damage. Despite the fact that dysarthria as a speech disorder has been known since ancient times, even the current methods of therapy do not always allow to fully correct it.
The possibility of recovery depends on a variety of factors. Successful correction of dysarthria requires a comprehensive approach consisting of speech therapy classes, medication, therapeutic exercise and physiotherapy.
Most cases of dysarthria occur in young children. In most cases, this disorder is associated with cerebral palsy. Organic brain tissue damage occurs during fetal development or against the background of various adverse factors that the baby was exposed to before the age of 2 years.
The most common cause of cerebral palsy, which leads to the development of dysarthria in children, is pregnancy pathology such as:
- Fetal hypoxia;
- Toxicosis;
- Rhesus conflict;
- Severe course of childbirth;
- Nuclear jaundice of newborns;
- Asphyxia during birth;
- Prematurity;
- Somatic diseases.
In most cases, children have a mild form of dysarthria – starettia. The degree of severity of this speech impairment is in close correlation with the existing motor disorders. It is known that with double hemiplegia (the most severe form of cerebral palsy), dysarthria is found in the vast majority of children.
Causes of dysarthria in children without cerebral palsy are damage to brain tissue from neuroinfections, severe intoxication, purulent otitis media, craniocerebral trauma, and hydrocephalus.
At an early age, dysarthria may develop against a background of other types of CNS lesions.
The human brain is a highly complex structure, so this speech impairment in different children does not follow the same scenario. Depending on the localization of the damaged area, the following types of dysarthria are distinguished
bulbar;
Pseudobulbar;
Ectrapyramidal;
cerebellar;
cortical.
